Saturday, November 5, 2011

Milgram Experiment

In the context of human freedom, agency theorists believe that a free act is an act caused by an agent, where an agent is understood to be a person, or intelligent doer, possessing the capacity of volition. This view proposes that an event isn't one without a cause, nor is it an event caused by an inner state (as compatibilists see it)--instead, it is caused by an agent. In Milgram's experiment, subjects were instructed to apply electric shocks to another individual if they answered a question incorrectly. Shockingly enough, at the end of the experiment it was found that around 65% of the subjects continued on applying these "shocks" that were of lethal voltage. It was concluded that ordinary, law-abiding citizens would go to the extremes when insisted/told by a strong authority figure. In other words, most of the subjects were "obedient" and continued on with the experiment although they were in a sure conflict between their conscience and what they were told they must do.
In terms of the Agency Theory and ethics, the Milgram experiment shows us that agents can be causes. Instead of the scientific determinist view that every event has infinitely many causes, the Agency theory proposes that a person, an intelligent doer, etc. (or agent) can be a cause rather than an event. In the case of the Milgram experiment, the authority figure insisted/told the subjects that it was imperative that they continue because it was "essential to the experiment." So, most subjects continued on with applying electric shocks to the "quiz taker". This proves that people, or agents can indeed be causes. The subjects were obedient and made a decision not because of an event, but at the cause of an agent insisting them to do so.

1 comment:

  1. What about the person administering the shocks? Was he an agent also or only the one giving the orders? At the end it sounds like only the scientists was the agent.

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